What Triggers a Depressive Episode?

Depression does not always feel the same every day. A lot of people experience symptoms in “episodes” or stretches of time when feelings of sadness, fatigue, and lack of motivation feel more intense. Such episodes may be very frustrating, in particular when these moods seem to strike unexpectedly. However, most of the time, there are certain factors that lead to the reappearance of symptoms. Knowing these triggers can aid both you and your providers in figuring out ways to prevent or manage episodes before they become overwhelming. 

What is a Depressive Episode?

A depressive episode is a period lasting at least two weeks when the symptoms, such as persistent sadness and loss of interest, interfere with daily life. In these periods, people can experience symptoms differently. Some people may present symptoms one after another very slowly, while others may get a sudden drop in mood.

It’s also important to remember that not every episode occurs for an obvious reason, and that sometimes depression develops without a straightforward cause, rooted more in brain chemistry than in life events. That said, there are still some common factors that can make an episode more likely.

Common Triggers for Depressive Episodes

Stressful Life Events: The most common depression onset is a major change or stressor. Losing a job, moving to a new place, breaking up, or being under financial pressure are examples of such changes. Even changes for the better, like a new job or a baby, can cause stress that overwhelms the brain’s coping mechanisms, setting the stage for a depressive episode.

Loss and Grief: Death of a family member or a breakup of significant relationships can precipitate depression. Grief is a natural process, but in some cases it can merge with a depressive episode, specifically when the sorrow is continuous or disrupts daily functioning for a long time.

Seasonal changes: One example of the environmental effect on mood is Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). The shortened days and less sunlight during winter can cause disruptions with the body’s circadian rhythm and a drop in serotonin levels, resulting in seasonal depression.

Health Issues: Different health issues, such as chronic pain, thyroid imbalances, diabetes, and hormonal changes, can affect the mood of a person. Since depression is linked to both brain chemistry and physical health, the occurrence of different existing health issues can make symptoms more severe. 

Substance Use: Alcohol and recreational drugs may seem like temporary escapes, however, they can worsen depressive symptoms over time. They can change brain chemistry and sleep, possibly causing a negative cycle of low mood and withdrawal symptoms. 

Lack of Sleep: Sleep has a large impact on mental health. When the brain is sleep deprived, a person has inconsistent sleep routines, or they suffer from insomnia, it impairs brain functioning. This then makes the brain more vulnerable to depressive episodes. Additionally, less rest will cause extreme fatigue and poor concentration, which is then creating a cycle that can lead to these kinds of depressive episodes.

When There Is No Obvious Trigger

It is significant to note that some depressive episodes may not have an apparent cause. Sometimes depression can arise even when, on the outside, all seems to be stable and okay externally. This could be due to some unseen biological forces like changes in brain chemistry, genetics, or hormones. For those people, the lack of any definite cause could become quite frustrating. But this does not make the feeling any less real.

Why Understanding Triggers Matters

Recognizing possible triggers is beneficial for both the individual and those around them, who are able to recognize the initial warning signs and allow for immediate management of symptoms.  Still, it’s important to understand that not every episode will have a clear explanation. Knowing this can help to lessen self-blame and encourage empathy towards others and yourself.

Managing Triggers and Preventing Episodes

Even though you cannot prevent all trigger situations, there are some steps you can take to lessen the frequency or intensity:

• Stick to treatment: Follow the medication regimen that your doctor prescribed for you, and make sure you attend your follow-up appointments.
• Build strong routines/habits: Regular exercise, having a stable sleep schedule, and having balanced nutrition will support overall mental health.
• Learn early warning signs: Detecting changes in your energy, sleep, or irritability can help you act sooner.
• Use your support network: The ability to express yourself openly and honestly with a friend, a family member, or a professional can make it easier to handle times when an episode occurs.

Seeking Help

Depressive episodes aren’t always consistent in their pattern. 

Often, they can be linked to the same difficulties, but sometimes they can appear without any obvious reason. In any case, the act of seeking help is the most vital step. Realizing that depression is a medical condition, not a personal failing, can open the door to treatment, relief, and healing.

At MDDCare, we act as a bridge to connect patients with clinics that deliver evidence-based treatments. The right treatment can help you find a pathway to stability and remind you that there is always hope and always a possibility of recovery.