What is TMS Therapy? A Complete Guide for Patients

In this guide, we’ll break down what TMS therapy is, how it works, its benefits, and who it’s for. Plus, we’ll show you how to find a trusted TMS provider near you with MDDCare.

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is an innovative, non-invasive therapy that is designed to help individuals who struggle with treatment-resistant depression. TMS uses magnetic pulses to target the areas of the brain that play a role in regulating mood. TMS offers an alternative to those who haven’t found any relief with traditional medication.

How Does TMS Work?

TMS therapy works by stimulating specific regions in the brain that are underactive for those with depression. TMS targets the prefrontal cortex, which is the part of the brain that is linked to both mood regulation and decision-making. During a TMS session, the device creates magnetic pulses that pass through the scalp and directly target neurons in this region of the brain.

By helping to activate these neurons, it promotes neuroplasticity, the brain’s ability to form new connections. TMS stimulates the NMDA receptors, within the glutamate system, which are responsible for regulating brain cell communication, helping restore healthy neural activity.

Unlike traditional medications that can affect your entire body and take weeks to notice results, TMS offers localized treatment directly targeting the source of the depression. Patients will experience improvements in mood, focus, and mental clarity within just a few weeks, with some even noticing improvements within a week.

What to Expect During TMS Treatment?

Here is what to expect during your first treatment:

• Application: During each session, a magnetic coil is placed against the scalp to deliver pulses. Patients remain fully awake and alert during the session.
• Duration: Sessions will typically last around 20 to 40 minutes, depending on the patient’s specific treatment plan. TMS is typically delivered daily, five days a week, for four to six weeks.
• Comfort: TMS is non-invasive and does not require surgery or anesthesia. Some patients can feel a tapping sensation on the scalp , but it is often well-tolerated.

TMS sessions are delivered in a clinical setting with a trained professional to ensure safety and effectiveness.

Who is a Candidate for TMS?

TMS therapy is designed for people with treatment-resistant depression—those who have tried at least two antidepressants without improvement. TMS is also a good option for patients who want to avoid medication or who have bad side effects from medication. However, TMS is not suitable for everyone. People who are pregnant, have metal implants, brain damage, or a history of seizures should consult with their doctor to discuss the risks.

Benefits of TMS Therapy

TMS offers patients many benefits that set it apart from other depression treatments:

• Non-Invasive: no surgery, anesthesia or recovery time if needed.
• Drug-Free: TMS does not introduce any chemicals into your body, which eliminates any side effects common with traditional antidepressants.
• High Success Rates: Clinical studies have shown that TMS significantly reduces depressive symptoms for many patients, and is especially effective for those who have not responded to other treatments.
• Sustainable Relief: With proper maintenance and follow-up care, TMS can offer long-term relief for patients.

For people stuck in their mental health journey, TMS offers a new path forward.

Potential Side Effects and Risks

TMS is generally well-tolerated by patients, but it is important to be aware of potential risks. The most common side effects include:

• Mild scalp discomfort or headaches during or after treatment.
• Sensations of tapping or tingling at the treatment site. 
• Feeling lightheaded or dizzy after treatment
• Tingling or twitching of facial muscles
• Rare but serious risks include seizures, hearing loss, or mood changes.

Since TMS is non-invasive, side effects are usually short-lived and less severe than side effects associated with medications. Side effects usually decrease over time with more sessions.

Preparing for Your First Visit

Starting TMS therapy can feel overwhelming, but preparation can help ease the process. Here are some tips to make the process smoother:

• Find a Clinic on MDDCare: MDDCare allows you to search by location and treatment type, helping you easily find a clinic that offers TMS near you.
• Plan For Comfort: Dress comfortably and bring any items, like headphones or a book, to help pass the time.
• Ask Questions: Speak with your provider about what to expect and to address any concerns you may have.

After treatment you can return to your normal activities. Some patients may experience a headache for a short time afterward.